Originally 'needs and gratification
'
This is unusual approach to the effect of the mass media content. It is not interested in how media content affect people
'. Rather it focuses on why
a person uses the media.
'active
' use of media content in order to fulfill needs and goals. Media use is active and goal driven based on individuals needs.'choice
' on media content. Gratification | Examples |
---|---|
Entertainment |
|
Information |
|
Personal Identity |
|
Personal relationships and social interaction |
|
Information
Personal Identity
Integration and Social Interaction
Entertainment
McQuail, Blumler and Brown (1972) offered the following summary of clusters of 'uses' that people made of TV quizzes:
Gratifications of TV Quiz Shows: Selected Responses
Self-Rating Appeal
Basis for Social Interaction
Excitement Appeal
Educational Appeal
(McQuail, Blumler & Brown 1972)
TV = a lean-backward medium.
The program that one watched last night: one missed about 1/3 of the program.
People mindlessly watch TV while doing other things.