cultivation_theory
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====== Cultivation Theory ====== | ====== Cultivation Theory ====== | ||
- | Cultivation theory (sometimes referred to as the cultivation hypothesis or cultivation analysis) was an approach developed | + | <WRAP column 31%> |
+ | Cultivation theory (sometimes referred to as the cultivation hypothesis or cultivation analysis) was an approach developed | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column 31%> | ||
They emphasize the effects of television viewing on the attitudes rather than the behaviour of viewers. Heavy watching of television is seen as ‘cultivating’ attitudes which are more consistent with the world of television programms than with the everyday world. Watching television may tend to induce a general mindset about violence in the world, quite apart from any effects it might have in inducing violent behaviour. Cultivation theorists distinguish between ‘first order’ effects (general beliefs about the everyday world, such as about the prevalence of violence) and ‘second order’ effects (specific attitudes, such as to law and order or to personal safety). | They emphasize the effects of television viewing on the attitudes rather than the behaviour of viewers. Heavy watching of television is seen as ‘cultivating’ attitudes which are more consistent with the world of television programms than with the everyday world. Watching television may tend to induce a general mindset about violence in the world, quite apart from any effects it might have in inducing violent behaviour. Cultivation theorists distinguish between ‘first order’ effects (general beliefs about the everyday world, such as about the prevalence of violence) and ‘second order’ effects (specific attitudes, such as to law and order or to personal safety). | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column 31%> | ||
<WRAP box> | <WRAP box> | ||
[[wp> | [[wp> | ||
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* Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, | * Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, | ||
</ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
[{{ : | [{{ : | ||
- | + | {{:livingwithtelevision_thedynamicsofthecultivationprocess.pdf|Living with the Television: The dynamics of the Cultivation Process}} PDF file | |
- | attachment:LivingWithTelevision_TheDynamicsoftheCultivationProcess.pdf | + | |
Specifically focuses on television effects. | Specifically focuses on television effects. | ||
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It argues that \\ | It argues that \\ | ||
- Violent content of television programming influences audiences' | - Violent content of television programming influences audiences' | ||
- | - Viewers who watch lots of TV will ''' | + | - Viewers who watch lots of TV will //overestimate// the occurrence of real-life violence. |
- Therefore, viewer '' | - Therefore, viewer '' | ||
__Assumption__ \\ | __Assumption__ \\ | ||
- Television became a central medium for anyone. Nearly 99% of Americans have at least one set of television; and watch 7 hours of TV programming each day. Television overwhelmed personal conversation, | - Television became a central medium for anyone. Nearly 99% of Americans have at least one set of television; and watch 7 hours of TV programming each day. Television overwhelmed personal conversation, | ||
- | - TV influences audience perceptions of social reality, and shapes the American culture in terms of how individuals reason and relate with others. TV portrays only '' | + | - TV influences audience perceptions of social reality, and shapes the American culture in terms of how individuals reason and relate with others. TV portrays only //a certain types of life.// Depiction of current events, stories, dramas, comedies, etc. are limited and biased. |
- The effects are constantly found albeit it's limited. | - The effects are constantly found albeit it's limited. | ||
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-- excludes ambiguous source of violence, such as verbal assaults, threats, and inconsequential gestures (e.g., sticking out one's finger). | -- excludes ambiguous source of violence, such as verbal assaults, threats, and inconsequential gestures (e.g., sticking out one's finger). | ||
- | This definition is used to measure the violence in TV programing, TV ''' | + | This definition is used to measure the violence in TV programing, |
* Prime-time TV violence (8:00-11:00 pm): | * Prime-time TV violence (8:00-11:00 pm): | ||
* more than half of prime-time programs contain violent content; and | * more than half of prime-time programs contain violent content; and | ||
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* Heavy viewer tend to think that they will be engage in any sort of criminal activities -- 1000 times greater than the actual crime statistics. | * Heavy viewer tend to think that they will be engage in any sort of criminal activities -- 1000 times greater than the actual crime statistics. | ||
- | __Main | + | __**Main |
+ | <WRAP column 46%> | ||
+ | __Mainstream (Mainstreaming)__: | ||
+ | <WRAP box> | ||
+ | **Mainstreaming.** We have seen that a wide variety of factors produce systematic and theoretically meaningful variations in cultivation. We have named the most general and important of these patterns // | ||
- | ? Main stream | + | The mainstream can be thought of as a relative commonality |
- | : Heavy viewers develop | + | </ |
- | ? Resonance: | + | </ |
- | : Viewers experience the congruency between their own violence experiences and the one seen in TV. -- reinforcement. | + | <WRAP column 46%> |
+ | __Resonance__: Viewers experience the congruency between their own violence experiences and the one seen in TV. -- reinforcement. | ||
Recent studies show that these are not exclusive in TV violence; but, happens in other portrayal of reality such as gender roles, personal relationships, | Recent studies show that these are not exclusive in TV violence; but, happens in other portrayal of reality such as gender roles, personal relationships, | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | Q: 게임을 많이 하는 사람은 그렇지 않은 사람과 현실에 대한 지각에 차이가 있을까? 왜? | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{tag> |
cultivation_theory.1430184365.txt.gz · Last modified: 2015/04/28 10:26 by hkimscil