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--- level_of_measurement [2016/10/27 08:30] – [Lickert] hkimscil
+++ level_of_measurement [2016/10/27 10:19] – [Lickert] hkimscil
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
   - N. {{anchor:Nominal:Nominal}}
       * 특성(attributes)에 따라서 변인들을 구분할 수 있는 변수를 의미한다. 특성은 수(number)나 양(volume)의 가치와는 상관이 없다. 성별의 attributes는 ''남성''와 ''여성''으로 구분되며, 이 두 attributes에는 수적 가치가 내재되어 있지 않다. 설령, 연구자가 자의적으로 {''남성'' -> ''0'' | ''여성'' -> ''1''} 이라는 번호를 부여했다고 하더라도, 이 번호는 가치를 나타내기 위한 것이 아니라, 단순히 두 attributes를 구분하기 위한 편의상의 장치일 뿐이다. 따라서 Nominal 변수를 가지고 더하기, 빼기 등의 사칙연산을 시도하는 것은 무의미하다.
-  - O. (''Ordinal variable'')
+  - O. {{anchor:Ordinal:Ordinal}}
       * 3개 이상의 변인을 가지며, 이 변인들이 ''순서''를 가질 때, 이것을 ordinal variable이라고 한다. 가령, 마라톤 주자의 등수를  1등, 2등, 3등, 4등, 5등으로 나누는 것은 1-5등까지의 순서에 의미를 둔 변인의 구분이다. 주의할 점은 각 등간의 가치는 일정하지 않다는 것을 전제로 한다. 즉, ordinal variable을 만족하기 위해서  1등과 2등의 간격이 2등과 3등의 간격과 같아야 할 필요는 없다.
-  - I (''Interval variable'')
+  - I {{anchor:Interval:Interval}}
       * Interval variable이라함은 위의 ordinal variable의 성격을 가지고 있으면서, 각 등간의 가치가 일정한 변수를 의미한다. 보통, 시험의 점수는 각 점수간의 차이가 일정함을 가정하고 0에서  - 0까지의 점수를 부여한다. 따라서, 시험점수에는 순서와 일정한 가치의 등간이라는 의미가 포함되어 있다. 또 다른 예를 들자면, 온도계의 온도가 그렇다.  - 도와 5도의 차이는 40도 35도의 차이와 동일하다.
       * 아래는 장기기증에 관한 동기를 재는 척도(measurement)의 예이다.
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 위의 글을 읽으면서 독자가 느꼈듯이 쌍대비교법의 단점은 (1) 비교할 항목 수가 많아지면, 쌍으로 비교한 문항이 더 많아진다는 점이다 $ (n(n-1))/2 $. In this case, 문항수 $ 162(162-1))/2 $
-====== Lickert ======
+====== Lickert Scale ======
-{{anchor:Lickert:Lickert}} 특정 대상에 대한 여러 가지 의견 진술문을 응답자들에게 제시하고, 각 진술문들에 대한 동의 정도를 척도상 번호에 표시하도록 한 것 \\
+특정 대상에 대한 여러 가지 의견 진술문을 응답자들에게 제시하고, 각 진술문들에 대한 동의 정도를 척도상 번호에 표시하도록 한 것 \\
 See, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Example_Likert_Scale.svg \\
 SA, http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/scallik.php \\
-====== Semantic Differential ======
+====== Semantic Differential Scale ======
 척도 양 끝에 서로 대칭적/반대 의미를 갖고 있는 두 개의 형용사를 놓고 그 사이를 일정 간격으로 번호에 따라 나눈 것
+====== Bogardus Social Distance Scale ======
+  - As close relatives by marriage (i.e., as the legal spouse of a close relative) (score 1.00)
+  - As my close personal friends (2.00)
+  - As neighbors on the same street (3.00)
+  - As co-workers in the same occupation (4.00)
+  - As citizens in my country (5.00)
+  - As non-citizen visitors in my country (6.00)
+  - Would exclude from entry into my country (7.00)
+======  Thurstone Scale ======
+Generate statements that describe specific attitudes that people might have towards persons with AIDS.
+  * people get AIDS by engaging in immoral behavior
+  * you can get AIDS from toilet seats
+  * AIDS is the wrath of God
+  * anybody with AIDS is either gay or a junkie
+  * AIDS is an epidemic that affects us all
+  * people with AIDS are bad
+  * people with AIDS are real people
+  * AIDS is a cure, not a disease
+  * you can get AIDS from heterosexual sex
+  * people with AIDS are like my parents
+  * you can get AIDS from public toilets
+  * women don’t get AIDS
+  * I treat everyone the same, regardless of whether or not they have AIDS
+  * AIDS costs the public too much
+  * AIDS is something the other guy gets
+  * living with AIDS is impossible
+  * children cannot catch AIDS
+  * AIDS is a death sentence
+  * because AIDS is preventable, we should focus our resources on prevention instead of curing
+  * People who contract AIDS deserve it
+  * AIDS doesn't have a preference, anyone can get it.
+  * AIDS is the worst thing that could happen to you.
+  * AIDS is good because it will help control the population.
+  * If you have AIDS, you can still live a normal life.
+  * People with AIDS do not need or deserve our help
+  * By the time I would get sick from AIDS, there will be a cure
+  * AIDS will never happen to me
+  * you can't get AIDS from oral sex
+  * AIDS is spread the same way colds are
+  * AIDS does not discriminate
+  * You can get AIDS from kissing
+  * AIDS is spread through the air
+  * Condoms will always prevent the spread of AIDS
+  * People with AIDS deserve what they got
+  * If you get AIDS you will die within a year
+  * Bad people get AIDS and since I am a good person I will never get AIDS
+  * I don't care if I get AIDS because researchers will soon find a cure for it.
+  * AIDS distracts from other diseases that deserve our attention more
+  * bringing AIDS into my family would be the worst thing I could do
+  * very few people have AIDS, so it's unlikely that I'll ever come into contact with a sufferer
+  * if my brother caught AIDS I'd never talk to him again
+  * People with AIDS deserve our understanding, but not necessarily special treatment
+  * AIDS is a omnipresent, ruthless killer that lurks around dark alleys, silently waiting for naive victims to wander passed so that it might pounce.
+  * I can't get AIDS if I'm in a monogamous relationship
+  * the nation's blood supply is safe
+  * universal precautions are infallible
+  * people with AIDS should be quarantined to protect the rest of society
+  * because I don't live in a big city, the threat of AIDS is very small
+  * I know enough about the spread of the disease that I would have no problem working in a health care setting with patients with AIDS
+  * the AIDS virus will not ever affect me
+  * Everyone affected with AIDS deserves it due to their lifestyle
+  * Someone with AIDS could be just like me
+  * People infected with AIDS did not have safe sex
+  * Aids affects us all.
+  * People with AIDS should be treated just like everybody else.
+  * AIDS is a disease that anyone can get if there are not careful.
+  * It's easy to get AIDS.
+  * The likelihood of contracting AIDS is very low.
+  * The AIDS quilt is an emotional reminder to remember those who did not deserve to die painfully or in vain
+  * The number of individuals with AIDS in Hollywood is higher than the general public thinks
+  * It is not the AIDS virus that kills people, it is complications from other illnesses (because the immune system isn't functioning) that cause death
+  * AIDS is becoming more a problem for heterosexual women and their offsprings than IV drug users or homosexuals
+  * A cure for AIDS is on the horizon
+  * A cure for AIDS is on the horizon
+  * Mandatory HIV testing should be established for all pregnant women
 ====== Level of measurement - English ======
 Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to objects in such a way that properties of the objects are reflected in the numbers themselves. There are four different measures.