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====== Media Violence (미디어 폭력) ======
<imgcaption image1|미디어 폭력이 청소년에게 미치는 영향>{{ :media_violence_cartoon.jpg?300|}}</imgcaption>__**폭력은 무엇의 산물인가?**__
  * 신경이나 호르몬의 이상
  * 인지적 기능의 결핍
  * 어뷰즈경험
  * 가난, 약물, 총기소지환경 등등과 더불어
  * (매스)미디어
__매스미디어의 역할__
  * TV 폭력이 현실 폭력에 기여하는가?
    * 미국 공중위생국, 미 질병예방센터, 미국 의학협회 등
  * 현실 폭력을 투영하는가?
===== 미디어 폭력 =====
<imgcaption image1|채널 유형에 따른 프로그램의 폭력 함유 비율>{{ :violence_by_tv_channel.jpg?300|}}</imgcaption>
  * 조지 거브너: 1967-1980년 미디어콘텐츠 분석
    * 지상파 방송 3국
    * 프라임 시간대의 70%가 일부 폭력적, 시간당 평균 5회 정도
    * 어린이용 방송 프로그램 90%가 일부 폭력적, 시간당 평균 20번 정도
  * the National Television Violence Study((National television violence study, volume 1. Sage Publications, London, 1996, 592 pp. ISBN 0-7619-0801-3. ISBN0-7619-0802-1))
    * http://www.ericdigests.org/1998-2/television.htm 
      * **NOT ALL VIOLENCE IS EQUAL**
      * USING TELEVISION RATINGS AS GUIDELINES
        * TV-Y: All Children
        * TV-Y7: Directed to Older Children
        * TV-G: General Audience
        * TV-PG: Parental Guidance Suggested
        * TV-14: Parents Strongly Cautioned
        * TV-MA: Mature Audience Only
      * BEYOND RATINGS: WHAT CAN PARENTS DO?
      * 폭력미화 (role modeler's violence)
      * 무해한 것으로 표현(sanitized effect)
      * 대단치 않은 것으로 표현 (trivialized)
      * 아동 - 4분당 한번 꼴의 폭력장면
        * 로드러너, 애니매니악스
        * 스파이더맨, 배트맨,
        * 러그래츠, 캐어베어
        * 공룡바니 (x)
    * http://www.c-span.org/video/?79969-1/national-television-violence-study
      * <WRAP box>National Television Violence Study Four communications experts released the second annual report of the Televison Violence Study sponsored by the National Cable Television Association. They stressed that television programs rarely show the consequences of violence and often glorify the initiator of violence. They also criticized the new television ratings system, although the study was concluded before the system went into effect. The study was based on 2700 hours of programming on 23 channels from October 1995 to June 1996 and excluded sports, religious, game show and infomercial programming. Following their prepared remarks, the panelists took questions from the press.</WRAP> 
      * 9:58
      * 13:00

__**사회학습이론적 ([[:Social Learning Theory]]) 방향**__ \\
__**정화이론적 ([[:Catharsis]]) 방향**__\\
===== Its effects =====
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