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b:head_first_statistics:permutation_and_combination [2025/09/30 23:05] – [exercises] hkimscilb:head_first_statistics:permutation_and_combination [2025/10/01 08:36] (current) – [exercises] hkimscil
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 ====== Permutation ====== ====== Permutation ======
  
-세마리 말이 들어오는 순서+세마리 말이 들어오는 순서의 경우의 수
 {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20191015-073815.png}} {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20191015-073815.png}}
 ===== So what if there are n horses? ===== ===== So what if there are n horses? =====
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 20 horses 20 horses
 {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20191015-082956.png}} {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20191015-082956.png}}
 +
  
 <code> <code>
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 {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20191015-083059.png}} {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20191015-083059.png}}
 +$ {}{}_{n}\mathrm{P}_{r} $ 
  
 ===== What if horse order doesn’t matter ===== ===== What if horse order doesn’t matter =====
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 {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20191015-084051.png}} {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20191015-084051.png}}
  
-$\displaystyle {^{n} P_{r}$ +\begin{eqnarray*
-$\displaystyle ^{n} P_{r} = \displaystyle \frac {n!} {(n-r)!}$ +\displaystyle ^{n} P_{r} = \displaystyle \dfrac {n!} {(n-r)!} \\ 
-A permutation is the number of ways in which you can choose objects from a pool, and where the order in which you choose them counts. It’s a lot more specific than a combination as you want to count the number of ways in which you fill each position.+\end{eqnarray*}
  
 +A **permutation** is the number of ways in which you can choose objects from a pool, and **where the order in which you choose them counts**. It’s a lot more specific than a combination as you want to count the number of ways in which you fill each position.
  
-$\displaystyle ^{n} C_{r}+\begin{eqnarray*} 
-$\displaystyle ^{n} C_{r} = \displaystyle \frac {n!} {r! \cdot (n-r)!}$ +\displaystyle ^{n} C_{r} & = & \displaystyle \dfrac {^{n} P_{r}} {r!} \\ 
-A combination is the number of ways in which you can choose objects from a pool, without caring about the exact order in which you choose them. It’s a lot more general than a permutation as you don’t need to know how each position has been filled. It’s enough to know which objects have been chosen.+\displaystyle \frac {n!} {r! \cdot (n-r)!} \\ 
 +\end{eqnarray*} 
 +**combination** is the number of ways in which you can choose objects from a pool, **without caring about the exact order in which you choose them**. It’s a lot more general than a permutation as you don’t need to know how each position has been filled. It’s enough to know which objects have been chosen.
  
 ===== e.g. ===== ===== e.g. =====
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 <WRAP box> <WRAP box>
 +$ {}_{52} P _{5} $
 <code> <code>
 # only combination function is available in r, choose # only combination function is available in r, choose
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 > choose(52,5) > choose(52,5)
 [1] 2598960 [1] 2598960
-perm <- function(n,r) { choose(n,r)*factorial(r)} +permute <- function(n,r) {  
-perm(52, 5)+>   choose(n,r) * factorial(r)  
 +
 +permute(52, 5)
 > [1] 311875200 > [1] 311875200
 +> # or 
 +> factorial(52)/factorial(52-5)
 +[1] 311875200
 +
 </code> </code>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
- +답. 12명 중에서 순서는 상관없는 5명이므로  
 +${}_{12} C _{5} $
 <code> <code>
 ## n! / r!(n-r)! ## n! / r!(n-r)!
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 b b
-b/a 
 </code> </code>
 <code> <code>
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 > b > b
 [1] 36 [1] 36
-> b/a 
-[1] 0.04545455 
  
 </code> </code>
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 <code> <code>
 > # 6C4 * 4C3 * 7! > # 6C4 * 4C3 * 7!
-> choose(6,4) * choose(4,3) * (4+3) +> choose(6,4) * choose(4,3) * factorial(4+3) 
-[1] 420+[1] 311875200
  
 </code> </code>
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 </code> </code>
 +
 +AGAIN이라는 단어가 있다. 이 단어를 알파벳 순으로 조합하여 나열한다면 49번째 오는 단어는 어떤 것일까?
 +
 +처음 A 로 시작하게 되는 단어는 G A I N 의 단어를 조합하여 나오는 수 4! = 24 단어
 +다음에는 G 로 시작하는 단어 A A I N 의 단어의 조합은 4!/2! = 12 단어
 +I 로 시작하는 단어는 A G A N 의 조합은 4!/2! = 12 단어
 +그렇다면 N으로 시작하는 첫단어가 답
 +N A A G I 
 +
 +S M I L E 이라는 단어의 문자에서 3 개를 뽑아서 나열하는 경우의 수는?
 +
 +$ _{5}P_{3} = \dfrac {5!}{2!} = 60 $
 +
 +AJOU UNIVERSITY 단어에서 AJOU 네 단어가 서로 이웃해서 모든 단어가 나열되는 경우의 수는?
 +X U N I V E R S I  T  Y
 +1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
 +11 글자의 조합은 11! / 2!
 +A J O U 의 조합도 신경을 써야 하므로 4! 을 곱해준다.
 +
 +POWERFUL 라는 단어의 글자들을 나열하려고 한다. 모음이 앞이나 뒤에 적어도 한번은 들어가도록 나열하는 경우의 수는? W는 자음
 +이다.
 +모 . . . . 모
 +모 . . . . 자
 +자 . . . . 모
 +자 . . . . 자
 +의 경우라고 생각해야 할 듯 
 +모음은 O E U 
 +자음은 P W R F L 
 +전체 글자는 8 글자   8!
 +양쪽에 자음이 오는 경우는 5P2 = 20
 +
  
 \begin{eqnarray*} \begin{eqnarray*}
 {n \choose x} \\ {n \choose x} \\
 \binom{n}{r} \\ \binom{n}{r} \\
-_{n}C_{r} +_{n}C_{r} \\ 
-_{n}P_{r}+^{n}P_{r} \\ 
 +_{n}P_{r} \\
  
 \end{eqnarray*} \end{eqnarray*}
b/head_first_statistics/permutation_and_combination.1759241123.txt.gz · Last modified: by hkimscil

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