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b:head_first_statistics:visualization [2025/09/03 08:22] – [Histogram skewedness] hkimscilb:head_first_statistics:visualization [2025/09/08 08:22] (current) – [Histogram Modality] hkimscil
Line 91: Line 91:
 </code> </code>
 {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20240904-082258.png}} {{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20240904-082258.png}}
 +
 +<code>
 +dat.iq <- rnorm(1000, 100, 15)
 +head(dat.iq)
 +tail(dat.iq)
 +head(dat.iq, n=12)
 +tail(dat.iq, n=12)
 +
 +mean(dat.iq)
 +sd(dat.iq)
 +
 +hist(dat.iq)
 +hist(dat.iq, breaks=30, col='lightblue')
 +
 +set.seed(101)
 +dat.iq <- rnorm(1000, 100, 15)
 +head(dat.iq)
 +tail(dat.iq)
 +head(dat.iq, n=12)
 +tail(dat.iq, n=12)
 +
 +mean(dat.iq)
 +sd(dat.iq)
 +
 +hist(dat.iq)
 +hist(dat.iq, breaks=30, col='lightblue')
 +</code>
 ====== Scatter plot ====== ====== Scatter plot ======
 <code> <code>
Line 164: Line 191:
 <WRAP clear/> <WRAP clear/>
 ====== Histogram skewedness ====== ====== Histogram skewedness ======
 +<WRAP column half>
 <code> <code>
 #### ####
Line 187: Line 215:
       add = TRUE, col = "red", lwd = 2)       add = TRUE, col = "red", lwd = 2)
 </code> </code>
 +</WRAP>
  
 +<WRAP column half>
 +{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-074821.png}}
 +</WRAP>
 +<WRAP clear/>
 +<WRAP column half>
 <code> <code>
 set.seed(1) set.seed(1)
Line 208: Line 242:
       add = TRUE, col = "red", lwd = 2)       add = TRUE, col = "red", lwd = 2)
 </code> </code>
 +</WRAP>
  
 +<WRAP column half>
 +{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-074830.png}}
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP clear/>
 +<WRAP column half>
 <code> <code>
 ## ##
Line 231: Line 272:
       add = TRUE, col = "red", lwd = 2)       add = TRUE, col = "red", lwd = 2)
 </code> </code>
-{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-074821.png}} +</WRAP> 
-{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-074830.png}} +<WRAP column half> 
-{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-074836.png}} +{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-082513.png}} 
- +</WRAP> 
 +<WRAP clear/>
  
 +====== Histogram Modality======
 +<WRAP column half>
 +Unimodal 
 <code> <code>
 ### unimodal data  ### unimodal data 
 set.seed(1) set.seed(1)
 d.1 <- rnorm(500, 10, 2) d.1 <- rnorm(500, 10, 2)
-hist(d.1, probability = T,+hist(d.1, breaks = 30, probability = T,
      main = "Hist with Unimodal distrib",      main = "Hist with Unimodal distrib",
      xlab = "Value", ylab = "Density",       xlab = "Value", ylab = "Density", 
-     col = "lightblue", border = "white")+     col = "lightblue", border = "black") 
 +lines(density(d.1),  
 +      col = "darkred", lwd = 2)
 </code> </code>
 +</WRAP>
  
 +<WRAP column half>
 +{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-083409.png}}
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP clear/>
 +
 +Bimodal distribution
 +<WRAP column half>
 <code> <code>
 ### bimodal data  ### bimodal data 
Line 253: Line 308:
 d.2 <- rnorm(500, 20, 2) d.2 <- rnorm(500, 20, 2)
 d.all <- c(d.1, d.2) d.all <- c(d.1, d.2)
-hist(d.all, probability = T,+hist(d.all, breaks = 30, probability = T,
      main = "Hist with bimodal distrib",      main = "Hist with bimodal distrib",
      xlab = "Value", ylab = "Density",       xlab = "Value", ylab = "Density", 
-     col = "lightblue", border = "white")+     col = "lightblue", border = "black") 
 +lines(density(d.all),  
 +      col = "darkred", lwd = 2)
 </code> </code>
-{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-080254.png}}+</WRAP> 
 + 
 +<WRAP column half> 
 +{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-083524.png}} 
 +</WRAP> 
 +<WRAP clear/>
  
 +<WRAP column half>
 <code> <code>
 ### multi-modal data  ### multi-modal data 
Line 268: Line 331:
 # Parameters for the second normal distribution (Mode 2) # Parameters for the second normal distribution (Mode 2)
 m.2 <- 100 m.2 <- 100
-sd.2 <- 8+sd.2 <- 15
  
 m.3 <- 160 m.3 <- 160
Line 276: Line 339:
 prop.1 <- 0.3 prop.1 <- 0.3
 # Mixing proportion for Mode 2 # Mixing proportion for Mode 2
-prop.2 <- 0.4 # This is 1 - prop1+prop.2 <- 0.6 # This is 1 - prop1
 # Mixing proportion for Mode 2 # Mixing proportion for Mode 2
-prop.3 <- 0.3 # This is 1 - prop1 +prop.3 <- 1.0 # This is 1 - prop1
  
 # Number of samples to generate # Number of samples to generate
Line 310: Line 372:
  
 </code> </code>
 +</WRAP>
 +<WRAP column half>
 +{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250908-082219.png}}
 +</WRAP>
 +<WRAP clear/>
  
-{{:b:head_first_statistics:pasted:20250903-082247.png}} 
  
 ====== box plot ====== ====== box plot ======
 +<WRAP column half>
 <code> <code>
 # Boxplot of MPG by Car Cylinders # Boxplot of MPG by Car Cylinders
Line 322: Line 388:
     ylab="Miles Per Gallon")     ylab="Miles Per Gallon")
 </code> </code>
-{{:c:ps1-1:2019:pasted:20190909-111438.png}}+</WRAP>
  
 +<WRAP column half>
 +{{:c:ps1-1:2019:pasted:20190909-111438.png}}
 +</WRAP>
 +<WRAP clear/>
 +====== see also ======
 +https://r-graph-gallery.com/
  
b/head_first_statistics/visualization.1756855370.txt.gz · Last modified: by hkimscil
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