Windows

1. Open http://www.r-project.org/ in your browser.
2. Click on “CRAN”. You’ll see a list of mirror sites, organized by country.
3. Select a site near you.
4. Click on “Windows” under “Download and Install R”.
5. Click on “base”.
6. Click on the link for downloading the latest version of R (an .exe file).
7. When the download completes, double-click on the .exe file and answer the usual questions.

OS X

1. Open http://www.r-project.org/ in your browser.
2. Click on “CRAN”. You’ll see a list of mirror sites, organized by country.
3. Select a site near you.
4. Click on “MacOS X”.
5. Click on the .pkg file for the latest version of R, under “Files:”, to download it.
6. When the download completes, double-click on the .pkg file and answer the usual questions.

Linux or Unix
The major Linux distributions have packages for installing R. Here are some examples:

Use the system’s package manager to download and install the package. Normally, you will need the root password or sudo privileges; otherwise, ask a system administrator to perform the installation.

Rstudio as a R tool
download for windows OS.

Windows

• Click on Start → All Programs → R; or
• double-click on the R icon on your desktop (assuming the installer created an icon for you).

OS X

• Either click on the icon in the Applications directory or
• put the R icon on the dock and click on the icon there.
• Alternatively, you can just type R on a Unix command line in a shell.

Linux or Unix

• Start the R program from the shell prompt using the R command (uppercase R).

install.packages("NRAIA")
library(NRAIA)
detach(package:NRAIA)

trees
summary(trees)
boxplot(trees)
pair(trees)

cars
m.cars <- lm(dist ~ speed, data=cars)
m.cars
summary(m.cars)

chickwts
summary(chickwts)
boxplot(weight~feed, data=chickwts)
anova(lm(weight~feed, data=chickwts)

t-test
ANOVA
Factorial ANOVA
correlation
regression
Multiple regression

> 1+1

> 1+1
[1] 2

max(1,3,5) 
[1] 5 

max(1,3
,5) 
[1] 5 

Table 1-1. Keystrokes for command-line editing

On all platforms, you can also use the q function (as in quit) to terminate the program.

> q() 

Note the empty parentheses, which are necessary to call the function.

Windows

• Select File → Exit from the main menu; or click on the red X in the upper-right corner of the window frame.

OS X

• Press CMD-q (apple-q); or click on the red X in the upper-left corner of the window frame.

Linux or Unix

• At the command prompt, press Ctrl-D.

Use the help.start function to see the documentation’s table of contents:

 > help.start() 

 > help.start()
starting httpd help server ... done
If nothing happens, you should open
‘http://127.0.0.1:25578/doc/html/index.html’ yourself

Packages
Click here to see a list of all the installed packages, both in the base packages and the additional, installed packages. Click on a package name to see a list of its functions and datasets.
Search Engine & Keywords
Click here to access a simple search engine, which allows you to search the documentation by keyword or phrase. There is also a list of common keywords, organized by topic; click one to see the associated pages.

Use help to display the documentation for the function:

 > help(functionname) 

Use args for a quick reminder of the function arguments:

 > args(functionname) 

Use example to see examples of using the function:

 > example(functionname) 

 > help(mean) 

 > ?mean 

 > args(mean) 

 > example(mean) 

 > > example(mean)

mean> x <- c(0:10, 50)

mean> xm <- mean(x)

mean> c(xm, mean(x, trim = 0.10))
[1] 8.75 5.50

 mean> mean(USArrests, trim = 0.2)
Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape
7.42 167.60 66.20 20.16

 mean> colMeans(USArrests)
Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape
7.42 167.60 66.20 20.16

 > help.search("pattern") 

• A typical pattern is a function name or keyword.
• Notice that it must be enclosed in quotation marks.

 > ??pattern 

 > help.search("social network") 

 > help(package="packagename") 

 > help(package="tseries") 

 > install.package("tseries")
Error: could not find function "install.package"

 > install.packages("tseries")
Installing package into ‘D:/Users/Hyo/Documents/R/win-library/3.2’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
--- Please select a CRAN mirror for use in this session ---
trying URL 'https://cran.ism.ac.jp/bin/windows/contrib/3.2/tseries_0.10-35.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 321067 bytes (313 KB)
downloaded 313 KB

package ‘tseries’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
        C:\Users\Hyo\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpmQCQRK\downloaded_packages
> help(package="tseries")
> 

 > RSiteSearch("ANOVA") 

• Visit the list of task views at http://cran.r-project.org/web/views/. Find and read the task view for your area, which will give you links to and descriptions of relevant packages. Or visit http://rseek.org, search by keyword, click on the Task Views tab, and select an applicable task view.
• Visit crantastic and search for packages by keyword.
• To find relevant functions, visit http://rseek.org, search by name or keyword, and click on the Functions tab.